Python In One Blog 

# import numpy # Module #
# import math # Built In Module #

# This is a comment.

"""This is 
Multiline comment"""

# print("Hello World")
# print(math.gcd(2,4)) # Using Math Module
# print("5 + 8") # This is a String.
# print(5 + 8)
# age = 15
# if (age<18):
#     print("Hello")


# Variables #
a = 44  # int Variable
b = "Apple"  # String Variable
c = 45.82  # Float Variable

# Arithmetic Calculations #
# print(a + c)
# print(a - c)
# print(a * c)
# print(a / c)
# print(a % c) # Modulus 
# print(a // c) # Floor Division
# print(a ** c) # Exponent


# Wrong Syntax To Create Variable
# Ex. HCL Project = 45


"""
Rules For Creating Variable
1)Variable should start with a letter or underscore
2)Variable should not start with a number
3)It should not contain space between two letters
4)It should contain only AlphaNumeric characters
5)Variables names are case sensitive
  Ex. A and a are two different variables

"""

# Type Of Variables #
TypeA = type(a)
# print(TypeA)
TypeB = type(b)
# print(TypeB)
TypeC = type(c)
# print(TypeC)

x = 44  # int
y = "44"  # String

# print(x + 2)
# print(y + 2) # ERROR #

# Type Casting #
w = "22"
w = int(w)  # String is converted into integer with the help of Type Casting #
# print(type(w))
# print(w)

v = "22tt"
# v = int(v) # Type Casting is not possible #
# print(v) # ERROR #

a = str(245)
b = float(245)
c = int("24")
d = float("11")

# String Manupulation #
name1 = "Ashish"
name2 = 'Ashish'  # name1 and name2 are same
# name3 = "Python 
#           In One Blog" # ERROR #
name4 = """Python
            In One Blog"""  # Multiline String 
# print(name4)

# In Programming Index starts From 0 #
# print(name1[0]) # It will print character at 0th Index,It means First character
# print(name1[1]) # It will print character at 1st Index,It means Second character
# print(name1[8]) # ERROR - Index out of range

# String Slicing #
# print(name1[:4]) # It will print the characters from 0th index to 3rd index[4th index is excluded]
# print(name1[2:5]) # From 2nd index to 4th index
# print(name1[:]) # From 0th index to last index

# name = "     Ashish     "
# print(name)
# print(name.strip()) # It will remove all the spaces from the string
# print(len(name)) # It will Print number of elements or characters present in string
# print(name.lower()) # Converts the characters of string into lower case
# print(name.upper()) # Converts the characters of string into upper case
# print(name.replace("As","as")) # Replaces "As" With "as"

str1 = "Python"
str2 = " In One Blog"
# print(str1 + str2) #Concatenate

name5 = "Sachin"
name6 = "Boy"
# print("This is %s and he is a good %s",%(name5,name6)) # Using Format Specifier
# print("This is a {} and he is Good {}".format(name5,name6)) # Format Method
# print(f"This is a {name5} and he is a Good {name6}") # F-Strings


''' 
Python Collections:Data Structures
1)List
2)Tuple
3)Dictionary
4)Set

'''

# List #
list1 = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
var = type(list1)
# print(list1)
var1 = list1[0]  # List slicing similar to string
var2 = list1[1:4]
# print(var1)
# print(var2)
# print(var)

# List is Mutable It means you can change the items of list #
list1[2] = 8
# print(list1) 
var3 = len(list1)
# print(var3)

list1.append(99)  # It will add the element at the end of list
# print(list1)
list1.insert(2, 3)  # Inserts the element in the list
# print(list1) 
list1.remove(8)  # Delete the element from the list
# print(list1)
list1.pop()
# print(list1)
# del list1 # Deletes List
list1.clear()  # Clears The List
# print(list1)

''' For More Information Visit Python Documentation'''

# Tuples #
tup = ("Sachin", "Dhoni", "Rohit", "Virat")
var = type(tup)
# print(tup)
# print(var)
# print(tup[1]) # Returns Second Element

# Tuple is mutable it means you cannot change the items of Tuples
# tup[2] = "Sehwag" # ERROR


# Set #
# Collections of well defined objects
s1 = {1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5, 5, 6}
s1.add(44)
s1.update([12, 55, 8, 98, 99])
# print(len(s1))
# s1.remove(4444) # ERROR #
s1.discard(4444)  # No ERROR [Most preferable to use]
# Like list you can use - .pop,.clear,del
# You can also access Functions like intersection,issubset,union,etc using python documentation 
# print(s1)


# Dictionary #
# Key Value Pairs

dict = {"Virat": 100, "Dhoni": 150, "Rohit": 200, "Sachin": 500}


# print(dict.keys()) # Returns keys of dict
# print(dict.values()) # Returns values of dict
# print(dict.items()) # Returns items of dict
# print(dict["Dhoni"]) # Returns runs of Dhoni

# You can try - del,.clear,.pop,.update,.remove,.get,etc using python documenation

# Conditions #
# age = int(input("Enter Your Age\n")) # User Input # \n = new line character
# if age > 50 :
#       print("Age is greater than 50")

# elif 15 <= age <= 50 :        # elif = else if #
#       print("Age is between 15 and 50")

# else :
#       print("Age is less than 15")


# Loops #
# Suppose you have to print numbers from 1 to 100

# Using for loop #
# for i in range(1,101): # Range Function = range(0,n-1) 
#     print(i)  

# list = [1,2,3,4,5,6]
# for item in list:
#       print(item)

# dict = {"Virat":100,"Dhoni":150,"Rohit":200,"Sachin":500}
# for item in dict:
#       print(item)

# s1 = {1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,5,5,6}
# for item in s1:
#       print(item)

# tup = ("Sachin","Dhoni","Rohit","Virat")
# for item in tup:
#       print(item)

# Using while loop #
# i = 1
# while i < 101:
#       print(i)
#       i = i + 1


# break statement #
# i = 1
# while i < 101:
#       print(i)
#       if i == 88:
#             break     # It will stop the loop
#       i = i + 1    

# for i in range(1,101):
#       print(i)
#       if i == 88:
#             break


# continue statement #
# i = 1
# while (i<101):
#       i = i + 1
#       if i == 88:
#             continue
#       print(i)

# for i in range(1,101):
#       if i == 88:
#             continue
#       print(i)


#  Functions #
# def average(a,b):     # a,b are arguments #
#       return (a + b)/2
# print(average(4,5))

# def average(a = 9,b = 8): # Default Arguments #
#       return (a + b)/2
# print(average())

# def average(a,b = 8,c):  # ERROR - Non default arguments should not follow default arguments #
#       pass  # Non executable statement

# OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING #
# class = Template,Blueprint
# object = instance of class

class Student:
    # Class Variables - Accessible by class and also by any object. We can change them with the help of class only,not by the objects #
    Year = "SE"
    Branch = "Computer Engineering"

    def __init__(self, name, year, branch, rollno):  # Constructer - Use To Initialized Objects #
        self.Name = name
        self.Year = year
        self.Branch = branch
        self.RollNo = rollno

    def printdetails(self):  # Method #
        # ' Self ' refers to the object with the help of which the method is called # 
        return self.Name
        return self.Year
        return self.Branch
        return self.RollNo


Ashish = Student("Ashish", "SE", "Computer Engineering", 240)  # First Object
Rohit = Student("Rohit", "SE", "Computer Engineering", 245)  # Second Object

# Instance Variables - Accessible only by objects and not class. We can change them with the help of objects #
Ashish.Name = "Ashish"
Ashish.RollNo = 240
Rohit.Name = "Rohit"
Rohit.RollNo = 245

print(Ashish.Name)
print(Ashish.Year)
print(Ashish.Branch)
print(Ashish.RollNo)
print("\n")
print(Rohit.Name)
print(Rohit.Year)
print(Rohit.Branch)
print(Rohit.RollNo)
print("\n")

print(Ashish.__dict__)  # Returns no. of variables defined with the help of objects #
print("\n")
print(Student.__dict__)  # Returns no. of variables defined with the help of class or the variables which are defined in the class #

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